Differences Between Handcycles and Traditional Bicycles

Cycling is one of the most liberating and energizing outdoor experiences you can have. But for individuals with mobility limitations—due to spinal cord injuries, limb differences, or other neurological conditions—traditional bicycles simply aren’t a realistic option. That’s where handcycles come in.

At Freedom Ryder, we’ve been pioneering adaptive handcycling since 1984. We understand the pure joy of moving fast under your own power, and the importance of creating a cycle that suits not just your body, but your life. Yet many people still ask: how exactly do handcycles differ from regular bikes?

If you’ve found yourself wondering what sets a Handcycles apart, we wrote this to help clear things up. Let’s dig into how these two vehicles compare, and why a handcycle just might open up a world of freedom.

What Is a Handcycle?

Before comparing the differences, let’s define what a handcycle is.

A handcycle is a type of adaptive bicycle that is powered by the rider’s arms rather than their legs. It typically has three wheels for extra stability, with the rider in a reclined or seated position depending on the model. Steering and propulsion are handled using hand-operated cranks, often directly connected to the front wheel.

Some handcycles—like our flagship E1 Electric Handcycle—also come with electric assist motors to help riders handle hills, long distances, or uneven terrain.

Handcycles have become more refined over the years, offering high-speed performance, adjustable configurations, and even race-level precision. Freedom Ryder’s unique lean-to-steer design creates an experience that feels closer to skiing than standard hand-powered biking.

Core Differences Between Handcycles and Traditional Bicycles

1. Power Source: Hands vs. Legs

The main difference? How you power the cycle.

• – Traditional bicycles are powered by your legs using pedals.
• – Handcycles are driven using hand cranks that work similarly to a bicycle’s pedal system but are turned with your arms.

This difference changes everything: the posture, the set-up, the physical demands, and how long you can ride.

Handcyclists rely primarily on upper-body strength. This impacts both the gear ratios used and how long a person can sustain their ride. That’s where options like electric-assisted models can make a huge difference.

2. Rider Position

Rider positioning also differs significantly:

• – On a traditional bicycle, you ride upright, straddle the frame, and support yourself with your legs.
• – On a handcycle, especially those from Freedom Ryder, you ride in a reclined or semi-reclined position with your legs out in front.

This seated position improves aerodynamics, stability, and comfort, especially for riders with minimal balance or limited trunk control.

Handcycles are also lower to the ground, which enhances speed and helps with stability—but can be intimidating for new riders until they see what real control feels like.

3. Wheel Configuration

Standard bikes use two wheels: front and rear.

Handcycles typically have three wheels:

• – Two rear wheels for stability.
• – One front wheel that handles both steering and driveshaft.

This trike-style configuration prevents tipping and offers more control—especially important for adaptive cycling and off-road adventures.

At Freedom Ryder, we designed our front-wheel lean-to-steer system to maximize cornering efficiency and provide an exhilarating ride even on twisty or challenging paths.

4. Steering Mechanism

Here’s where things get really unique.

• – Traditional bikes use handlebars connected to the front fork.
• – Many handcycles use fork steering, but Freedom Ryder uses a lean-to-steer mechanism.

This patented system lets you steer by shifting your weight—no awkward push-pull handlebars necessary. It closely mimics the feeling of carving through snow on skis or riding a motorcycle through turns.

It also means better cornering stability, less arm strain, and greater feedback from the road. For riders with a background in skiing, skateboarding, or motorcycling, it’s a more intuitive and thrilling experience.

5. Accessibility & Adaptability

Handcycles are designed with different body types and conditions in mind:

• – Some riders are paraplegic and have no voluntary leg function.
• – Others may have limited trunk strength or partial mobility in their core.
• – Freedom Ryder offers both standard and specially designed FRH models that accommodate riders with very limited balance or torso control.

Traditional bicycles rarely offer that kind of adjustability out of the box. While adaptive kits exist, they often fall short in terms of performance, safety, or comfort.

Our adaptive handcycles for sale address exactly these needs—tailored builds, custom-fit components, and long-lasting reliability.

Who Uses Handcycles?

Handcycling originally emerged as a way for people with mobility impairments to enjoy cycling again—but that’s not where the story ends.

Handcycles are used by:

• – Paraplegic riders seeking independent recreation or competitive racing
• – Amputees or individuals with limb differences
• – Athletes participating in adaptive triathlons or endurance events
• – Veterans with limited mobility

In fact, handcycling is part of sanctioned events from the Paralympics to local adaptive races. 

With advancements in drivetrain tech, power assist, and geometry, modern handcycles have joined the ranks of high-performance machines—capable of breaking speed, distance, and time records.

Performance on Roads and Trails

So how do handcycles stack up when it’s time to hit the road or trail?

On paved roads, handcycles—especially racing models—can keep pace with traditional bikes thanks to aerodynamic seating positions and lightweight frames.

On hills or rough terrain, traditional bikes might have an edge due to leg muscle power and vertical torque. That’s where electric assist becomes a game changer for handcyclists.

Freedom Ryder’s E1 Electric Handcycle offers a 500-watt motor and long-lasting lithium battery to give riders the boost they need to conquer inclines, gravel roads, or longer distances without burnout.

You can also check out our electric handcycle FAQs to learn what electric assist does—and doesn’t do—for riders with limited mobility.

The Learning Curve

Switching to a handcycle can feel foreign at first—but don’t let that discourage you.

The learning curve exists, but most riders adapt quickly. Some find it easier to ride a handcycle than a bike, especially with the added balance from three wheels. And with the right fit, it becomes an extension of your body.

For athletes and newcomers alike, leaning into corners, powering forward with your arms, and setting your own pace is deeply satisfying—and empowering.

If you’re unsure if it’s right for you, start by taking a test spin where the terrain is flat and forgiving. You’ll be surprised how fast muscle memory kicks in.

Why the Freedom Ryder Difference Matters

Freedom Ryder handcycles aren’t just custom machines. They’re freedom machines.

Our lean-to-steer geometry eliminates the need for clunky fork controls. Our adjustable frames fit a wide range of sizes and needs. Our FRH models accommodate riders with the most limited mobility—and are still responsive, speedy, and fun.

Since 1984, we’ve helped individuals rediscover freedom, confidence, and competition through cycling. From wilderness treks to road races, Freedom Ryder bikes are built for legendary rides.

If you’re just getting started in adaptive cycling for individuals with disabilities, you’re not alone. There’s a growing global community out there charging through the same trails, roads, and finish lines—with their arms doing the work and their spirits doing the flying.

Final Thoughts: Is a Handcycle Right for You?

Handcycles and traditional bikes both offer ways to enjoy the outdoors and improve your health—but serve different bodies and goals.

Handcycles empower those who can’t ride conventional bikes to enjoy the freedom, fun, and challenge of cycling. With options like electric assist, lean-to-steer dynamics, and tailored builds, the possibilities are wide open.

If you’re ready to explore the road less traveled, we encourage you to check out our full line of adaptive handcycles for sale, or reach out with your questions. We’re here to help you ride your way—on your terms.

Every revolution of the wheel is a step toward freedom. So go ahead and ride free!