Types of Handcycles and Their Uses

Cycling is freedom—not just in the wind-against-your-face sense, but in the way it opens up mobility, fitness, and adventure, especially for individuals with physical challenges. And that’s where handcycles come in. Designed for riders who rely on upper body movement instead of their legs, handcycles have transformed adaptive sports and everyday recreation alike.

But not all handcycles are the same.

In fact, the variations are wide and meant to serve very different needs—whether that’s daily use, competitive racing, or off-road exploration. So if you’re just getting started or trying to figure out which type matches your lifestyle or ability level, you’re in the right place.

As pioneers in adaptive cycling since 1984, we at Freedom Ryder have spent decades helping people find the right handcycle for their goals. Let’s break it down.

What Is a Handcycle?

Before diving into the different types, it’s helpful to understand what a handcycle actually is.

A handcycle is a type of bicycle powered by the arms rather than the legs. Instead of pedaling with your feet, you use a hand-crank mechanism attached to the front of the cycle. These bikes typically have three wheels—two in the back and one in the front—for added stability.

While handcycles were originally developed for paraplegics and those with limited leg function, they’ve become a favorite among all kinds of riders, from injured veterans to recreational athletes to adventurers wanting to push physical limits.

Handcycles vary in steering systems, seating position, drivetrain setups, and adaptive options. These differences make them more or less suited for specific uses.

Main Types of Handcycles

1. Recreational Handcycles

If you’re looking to enjoy paved trails, local parks, or neighborhood streets, a recreational handcycle is a great place to start.

These are entry-to-mid-level handcycles built for comfort and stability. They often feature upright seating and user-friendly crank configurations that make cruising easy.

Uses:

• – Daily exercise or rehab therapy
• – Weekend rides on trails and bike paths
• – Beginner-friendly for new adaptive riders

They may not win races, but recreational handcycles strike a great balance between ease of use and performance.

2. Performance & Racing Handcycles

These are the models you see at marathons or competitive events. They’re lighter, lower to the ground, and built for speed. Racing handcycles often come with aerodynamic frames, customized gear setups, and rigid steering mechanisms.

Freedom Ryder helped pioneer this category with its early lean-steer designs that allow racers to maneuver like they’re skiing, not just turning a handlebar.

Uses:

• – Competitive racing (road racing, time trials, triathlons)
• – Endurance riding or performance goals
• – Serious training and fitness routines

In competitive environments, handcycles like the FRH Series from Freedom Ryder excel because of their aerodynamic advantages and tight handling.

3. Quad-Friendly or Adaptive-Control Handcycles

Not every rider has full trunk or arm mobility. Some handcyclists require specialized configurations to accommodate limited strength or range of motion. That’s where quad-friendly or adaptive-control handcycles come in.

These bikes often include reclined seating, electronic shifting, adjustable crank lengths, and even electric pedal assist for individuals who need some extra power on hills or long rides.

Uses:

• – Riders with partial upper-body mobility
• – Individuals with spinal cord injuries at or above the thoracic level
• – Medical rehabilitation environments

Freedom Ryder’s FRH models were crafted specifically with these needs in mind, offering fine-tuned balance, lean-to-steer responsiveness, and customized crank heights and seating positions.

4. Electric Assist Handcycles

Want to go farther, climb hills, or just have some backup on long routes? Then an electric-assist handcycle may be what you’re looking for.

Also called e-handcycles, these bikes use a battery-powered motor to support the rider’s cranking. Freedom Ryder’s E1 Electric Handcycle is a prime example, featuring a powerful 500-watt motor that seamlessly taps in when you need it most.

Uses:

• – Long-distance rides
• – Hilly or challenging terrain
• – Riders recovering from injury or fatigue

E-handcycles are perfect for anyone who loves endurance riding but needs to manage effort, whether for health reasons or pure convenience.

Key Features That Define a Handcycle’s Use

Now that we’ve covered the main types, let’s look at what makes them function so differently. Here are a few components that really shape how a handcycle behaves and what it’s best for.

Seating Position

• Upright Seat: Easier to transfer into and out of, ideal for beginners and casual riders.
• Reclined or Recumbent Seat: Low to the ground for improved aerodynamics; popular in racing.
• Custom Adaptive Seats: Designed with spinal support or special harnesses for users with limited trunk control.
  
  

Steering System

• Fork Steer: Most traditional handcycles use this, turning the front wheel with handlebars.
• Lean-to-Steer (Freedom Ryder’s specialty): A dynamic, ski-like motion that shifts bodyweight to steer—offering better cornering, more control, and an exhilarating ride.
  
  

Drivetrain and Gearing

• Some handcycles come with fixed gear sets; others offer up to 24 speeds.
• Higher-end models may include electronic or thumb-shifting systems, especially for adaptive control users.
  
  

Motor Assist

Not all handcycles are motorized—but for those that are, you can often toggle the electric assist based on terrain. The E1 Electric Handcycle is a powerful option for combining freedom with stamina.

Matching Handcycle Types to Riding Goals

So which handcycle is right for you? That depends on your goals—and your mobility level. Here’s how to think it through.

Fitness and Freedom

Want to replace or supplement your gym routine with real-world movement? Choose a recreational or electric-assist handcycle with comfortable seating and basic variable gearing. Keep it simple and enjoyable.

Competition and Speed

Eyeing competitive events like handcycling marathons or paracycling races? You’ll want a performance-based handcycle with a low recumbent seat, lean-to-steer system, and a lightweight frame.

Freedom Ryder’s FRH racing models, rooted in over 30 years of innovation, set the standard in this space.

Adventures and Travels

If you want to tackle longer rides, weekend road trips, or countryside tours, consider an e-assist version. The E1 Electric Handcycle offers the power to climb hills and stay out longer without pushing your limits.

Limited Mobility or Special Needs

If you have limited hand function, trunk control, or use a respirator, you’ll benefit most from a handcycle outfitted with adaptive supports. Adjustable seating, easier cranking systems, and throttle-style e-assist can make all the difference.

For more customization guidance, be sure to explore our handcycle FAQs or speak directly with our team.

Why the Right Fit Matters More Than Anything

No two riders are alike—and the same goes for handcycles. Choosing the right model impacts everything from your comfort and safety to how much you’ll enjoy riding in the long run. It’s not about the flashiest features or most advanced tech. It’s about fit, function, and freedom.

That’s something we’ve put at the heart of the Freedom Ryder design philosophy since day one. 

Our bikes are built not just to perform, but to inspire confidence—one ride at a time.

If you’re still unsure what type suits you, don’t rush. Reach out, test a few, and take the time to find a bike that fits your body, your goals, and your lifestyle.

Where to Buy or Learn More

Freedom Ryder offers a diverse range of models, from performance racers to adaptive electric rides. You can check out the latest lineup, including customizable options, at the Freedom Ryder handcycle store.

Looking to connect with a wider community or get involved in events? Visit organizations like adaptive handcycling programs to find clinics, races, and mentorship opportunities.

Final Thoughts

Handcycling is more than just a sport or a way to get around—it’s a pathway to independence, wellness, and exploration. The right type of handcycle can open up worlds, whether it’s a quick cruise around the block or a cross-country challenge.

Whatever your goals may be, contact Freedom Ryder to help you meet them. With decades of proven innovation and a genuine passion for adaptive biking, we’re not just manufacturers—we’re your riding partners.

Ready to discover the ride that’s built for you? Start with the basics, explore your options, and don’t hesitate to tap into the expertise we’ve gathered over 40 years of helping people push past limits.

And when you’re ready to ride, we’ll be right here.